@article {2026:fc4mc:jbcra,
	title = {Enhancing Transparency in Transaction Ordering: Dynamic Orderer Selection in Blockchain-driven Collaborative Processes},
	journal = {Blockchain: Research and Applications},
	year = {2025},
	chapter = {100412},
	abstract = {Supporting decentralized and trustless coordination among organizations, blockchain technology holds significant potential for addressing trust-related issues in inter-organizational collaborative processes. In this context, basic blockchain consensus mechanisms often introduce vulnerabilities, such as transaction reordering, manipulation, or censorship by malicious nodes, which can distort business objectives and undermine trust among collaborators.
This paper examines the influence of transaction ordering on decentralized business process choreography, highlighting competitive scenarios where malicious ordering can create unfair advantages. To counter such maximal extractable value attacks, we propose to align transaction ordering with business process logic with three novel strategies for process-aware transaction ordering. Our approach has proven effective in mitigating malicious transaction ordering, thereby enhancing fairness and transparency in the collaborative process execution. However, this comes with a trade-off in terms of time and computational cost, as observed in our extensive experimental evaluation.},
	keywords = {Block selection, blockchain, Process choreography, Transaction ordering Transparency},
	doi = {10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100412},
	author = {Hassan Atwi and Tom Lichtenstein and Cesare Pautasso and Mathias Weske}
}
@demo {2025:apiace:vissoft,
	title = {EVOSCAT: Exploring Software Change Dynamics in Large-Scale Historical Datasets},
	year = {2025},
	month = {September},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Auckland, New Zealand},
	abstract = {Long lived software projects encompass a large number of artifacts, which undergo many revisions throughout their history. Empirical software engineering researchers studying software evolution gather and collect datasets with millions of events, representing changes introduced to specific artifacts. In this paper, we propose EVOSCAT, a tool that attempts addressing temporal scalability through the usage of interactive density scatterplot to provide a global overview of large historical datasets mined from open source repositories in a single visualization.  EVOSCAT intends to provide researchers with a mean to produce scalable visualizations that can help them explore and characterize evolutions datasets, as well as comparing the histories of individual artifacts, both in terms of 1) observing how rapidly different artifacts age over multiple-year-long time spans 2) how often metrics associated with each artifacts tend towards an improvement or worsening. The paper shows how the tool can be tailored to specific analysis needs (pace of change comparison, clone detection, freshness assessment) thanks to its support for flexible configuration of history scaling and alignment along the time axis, artifacts sorting and interactive color mapping, enabling the analysis of millions of events obtained by mining the histories of tens of thousands of software artifacts. We include in this paper a gallery showcasing datasets gathering specific artifacts (OpenAPI descriptions, GitHub workflow definitions) across multiple repositories, as well as diving into the history of specific popular open source projects.},
	keywords = {Interactive Scatterplot, Large-Scale Historical Data, Software Evolution Visualization},
	doi = {10.1109/VISSOFT67405.2025.00021},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.10852},
	author = {Souhaila Serbout and Diana Carolina Mu{\~n}oz Hurtado and Hassan Atwi and Edoardo Riggio and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@article {2025:tplop,
	title = {An Extended Pattern Collection for Blockchain-Based Applications},
	journal = {Transactions on Pattern Languages of Programming (TPLOP)},
	volume = {14630},
	year = {2025},
	month = {March},
	pages = {67{\textendash}117},
	abstract = {Blockchain is an emerging technology that enables new forms of decentralized software architectures, where distributed components
can reach agreements on shared system states without trusting a central integration point. Blockchain provides a shared infrastructure to execute
programs, called smart contracts, and to store data. Since blockchain technologies are at an early stage, there is a lack of a systematically organized knowledge providing a holistic view on designing software systems that use blockchain. We view blockchain as a component of a bigger software system, which requires patterns for using blockchain in the design of the software architecture. In this paper, we collect a list of patterns for blockchain-based applications. The pattern collection is categorized into five categories, including interaction with external world patterns, data
management patterns, security patterns, structural patterns of contracts, and user interaction patterns. Some patterns are designed considering the nature of blockchain and how blockchains can be specifically introduced within real-world applications. Others are variants of existing design patterns applied in the context of blockchain-based applications and smart contracts.},
	keywords = {blockchain, patterns},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-70810-1_2},
	url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16017},
	author = {Xiwei Xu and Cesare Pautasso and Sin Kuang Lo and Liming Zhu and Qinghua Lu and Ingo Weber}
}
@inbook {sa:2023:empirical,
	title = {An Empirical Basis for Software Architecture Research},
	booktitle = { Software Architecture - Research Roadmaps from the Community },
	year = {2023},
	pages = {87 - 100},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {Despite the clear need for and importance of performing empirical studies as part of software architecture research, there is still a lack of curated, standardized, clean, well-maintained, documented, easily accessible, reusable, and shared datasets. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the problems, of the motivations, and of the opportunities currently related to mining and sharing datasets for researchers in software architecture. We first explore and describe which artifacts should be included into such datasets, such as code, documentation, and requirements, but also including other architecturally relevant artifacts, such as architectural decision records, models, and other kinds of documentation. This information can be complemented with revision history logs, social metadata, and email or chat discussion archives. The availability of such datasets would enable not only architectural reconstruction studies but would also help to catalyze broader and more ambitious program of empirical studies in software architecture research.},
	keywords = {software architecture},
	isbn = {978-3-031-36846-2},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36847-9_5},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-36847-9_5},
	author = {Rick Kazman and Roberto Tonelli and Cesare Pautasso},
	editor = {Pelliccione, Patrizio and Kazman, Rick and Weber, Ingo and Liu, Anna}
}
@conference {apiace:2023:icwe,
	title = {An empirical study of Web API versioning practices},
	booktitle = {23rd International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE)},
	year = {2023},
	month = {June},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Alicante, Spain},
	abstract = {As Web APIs evolve, developers assign them version identifiers to reflect the amount and the nature of changes that the API clients should expect. In this work we focus on identifying versioning practices adopted by Web API developers by extracting and classifying version identifiers found in a large collection of OpenAPI descriptions.
In particular, we observe how frequently different versioning schemes have been adopted for identifying both stable and preview releases (e.g., simple version counters, semantic versioning, or release timestamps). We further study the stability of versioning schemes during APIs evolution. We also detect APIs which offer dynamic access to versioning metadata through dedicated endpoints as well as APIs which support clients expecting to reach up to 14 different versions of the same API at the same time.
Overall the results offer a detailed view over current Web API versioning practices and can serve as the basis for future discussions on how to standardize critical API versioning metadata.},
	keywords = {API Analytics, Versioning},
	author = {Souhaila Serbout and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@demo {2022:ecsa:expresso,
	title = {ExpressO: From Express.js implementation code to OpenAPI interface descriptions},
	year = {2022},
	month = {September},
	pages = {29{\textendash}44},
	publisher = {Springer},
	abstract = {This tool demo paper brings forward a new CLI tool called ExpressO for developers who need to analyze a Web API implemented using the Express.js framework and automatically extract a specification written in the standard OpenAPI interface description language. The specification includes all of the implemented endpoints along with their response status codes and path and query parameters. Developers can use it to automatically determine whether the interface of a Web API matches its implementation based on the Express.js framework. The tool has been released on the npm component registry as {\textquoteleft}expresso-api{\textquoteright}.

},
	keywords = {API, express.js, OpenAPI},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-36889-9_4},
	author = {Souhaila Serbout and Alessandro Romanelli and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@book {2019:book:esdebp,
	title = {Empirical Studies on the Development of Executable Business Processes},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {223},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	abstract = {This book collects essential research on the practical application of executable business process modeling in real-world projects, i.e., model-driven solutions for the support and automation of digital business processes that are created using languages such as BPEL or BPMN. It mainly focuses on empirical research, but also includes an up-to-date cross-section of case studies in order to assess examples of BPM{\textquoteright}s practical impact in the industry.
On the one hand, executable models are formally and precisely defined so that computers can interpret and execute them; on the other, they are visualized so that humans can describe, document and optimize business processes at a higher level of abstraction than with traditional textual programming languages. While these important research areas have long been separated from one another, this book is an attempt at cross-fertilization, driven by the insight that business processes are the software behind today{\textquoteright}s digital organizations, and that achieving a precise representation of such processes is key to their reliable execution. Consequently, the book presents various case studies and experiments that investigate questions of interest to both academia (e.g., identifying challenges for which no solution exists; sharing new insights into how existing approaches are actually used) and industry (e.g., guidelines on using certain technologies and on modeling comprehensible and executable processes).
Both researchers and practitioners will benefit from the presentation of how concepts are transformed into working solutions. The studies are presented in a structured manner and with sufficient rigor to be considered empirical research, further enhancing the book{\textquoteright}s value for the research community, while practitioners will find concrete guidance on making the right decisions for their projects.},
	keywords = {business process management, empirical business process management, executable business process modeling},
	issn = {978-3-030-17665-5},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-17666-2},
	editor = {Daniel L{\"u}bke and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@article {2019:askalot,
	title = {Employing community question answering for online discussions in university courses: Students{\textquoteright} perspective},
	journal = {Computers \& Education},
	volume = {135},
	year = {2019},
	month = {July},
	pages = {75-90},
	abstract = {In university courses as well as in MOOCs, Community Question Answering (CQA) systems have been recently recognized as a promising alternative to standard discussion forums for mediating online discussions. Despite emerging research on educational CQA systems, a study investigating when and how to use these systems to support university education is still missing. We stress that such a study should effectively take into account students{\textquoteright} perceptions of CQA systems rather than relying solely on an analysis of their effective usage based on data available in system logs. This paper therefore systematically analyzes perspective of 182 computer science students from three universities located in three different countries on concept of educational CQA systems. Students{\textquoteright} opinions were collected using a questionnaire that was designed to assess conceptual issues of using CQA systems in university education, their core features as well as particular implementation of our CQA system Askalot. The analysis of collected responses based on non-parametric statistical tests revealed that there are various significant differences in the perception of CQA systems between different types of students (e.g. passive and active) and in different deployment settings (e.g. when using CQA in a small number of 1{\textendash}3 courses during one academic year or in 50 courses for 5 years). The obtained findings supported by content and usage analysis finally resulted into the summary of 12 main characteristics of CQA systems which describe their suitability for mediating online discussions in different deployment settings and for different types of students.},
	keywords = {askalot, Community question answering, Computer-mediated communication, Learning communities, Qualitative study, SCOPES},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.02.017},
	url = {https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1YioE1HucdHyDo},
	author = {Ivan Srba and Milos Savic and Maria Bielikova and Mirjana Ivanovic and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@demo {2018:icsoc:demo:electra,
	title = {ELeCTRA: induced usage limitations calculation in RESTful APIs},
	year = {2018},
	month = {November},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China},
	abstract = {As software architecture design is evolving to microservice paradigms, RESTful APIs become the building blocks of applications. In such a scenario, a growing market of APIs is proliferating and developers face the challenges to take advantage of this reality. For an example, third-party APIs typically define different usage limitations depending on the purchased Service Level Agreement (SLA) and, consequently, do- ing a manual limitation analysis of external APIs and their impact in a microservice architecture is a complex and tedious task. In this demonstration paper, we present ELeCTRA, a tool to automate the analysis of induced limitations in an API, derived from its usage of external APIs with limitations. Specifically, this tools takes the structural, conversational and SLA specifications of the API, generates a visual dependency graph and translates the problem into a constraint satisfaction optimization problem (CSOP) to obtain the optimal usage limitations.},
	keywords = {API, demo, REST},
	author = {Antonio Gamez-Diaz and Pablo Fernandez and Cesare Pautasso and Ana Ivanchikj and Antonio Ruiz-Cortes}
}
@conference {2018:benchflow:coopis,
	title = {Evaluating Multi-Tenant Live Migrations Effects on Performance},
	booktitle = {26th International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {October},
	address = {Valletta, Malta},
	abstract = {Multitenancy is an important feature for all Everything as a Service providers like Business Process Management as a Service. It allows to reduce the cost of the infrastructure since multiple tenants share the same service instances. However, tenants have dynamic workloads. The resource they share may not be sufficient at some point in time. It may require Cloud resource (re-)configurations to ensure a given Quality of Service. Tenants should be migrated without stopping the service from a configuration to another to meet their needs while minimizing operational costs on the provider side. Live migrations reveal many challenges: service interruption must be minimized and the impact on co-tenants should be minimal. In this paper, we investigate live tenants migrations duration and its effects on the migrated tenants as well as the co-located ones. To do so, we propose a generic approach to measure these effects for multi-tenant Software as a Service. Further, we propose a testing framework to simulate workloads, and observe the impact of live migrations on Business Process Management Systems. The experimental results highlight the efficiency of our approach and show that migration time depends on the size of data that have to be transferred and that the effects on co-located tenants should not be neglected. },
	keywords = {BenchFlow, Multi-tenant, Performance Testing, workflow engine},
	author = {Guillaume Rosinosky and Chahrazed Labba and Vincenzo Ferme and Samir Youcef and Fran{\c c}ois Charoy and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@inproceedings {2017:asq:pale,
	title = {Experiences Using an Interactive Presentation Platform in a Functional and Logic Programming Course.},
	year = {2017},
	month = {July},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {Bratislava, Slovakia},
	abstract = {Modern constructivist approaches to education dictate active experimentation with the study material and have been linked with improved learning outcomes in STEM fields. During classroom time we believe it is important for students to experiment with the lecture material since active recall helps them to start the memory encoding process as well as to catch misconceptions early and to prevent them from taking root. In this paper, we report on our experiences using ASQ, a Web-based interactive presentation tool in a functional and logic programming course taught at the Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies at the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. ASQ allowed us to collect immediate feedback from students and retain their attention by asking complex types of questions and aggregating student answers in real time. From our experience we identified several requirements and guidelines for successfully adopting ASQ. One of the most critical concerns was how to estimate the time when to stop collecting the students{\textquoteright} answers and proceed to their evaluation and discussion with the class. We also report the students{\textquoteright} feedback on the ASQ system that we collected in the form of the standard SUS questionnaire. 
},
	keywords = {ASQ},
	author = {Vasileios Triglianos and Martin Labaj and Robert Moro and Jakub Simko and Michal Hucko and Jozef Tvarozek and Cesare Pautasso and Maria Bielikova}
}
@conference {benchflow:2016:bpm,
	title = {Estimating the Cost for Executing Business Processes in the Cloud},
	booktitle = {BPM Forum},
	year = {2016},
	month = {September},
	pages = {72--88},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
	abstract = {Managing and running business processes in the Cloud changes how Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) are deployed. Consequently, when designing such WfMSs, there is a need of determining the sweet spot in the performance vs. resource consumption trade-off. While all Cloud providers agree on the pay-as-you-go resource consumption model, every provider uses a different cost model to gain a competitive edge. In this paper, we present a novel method for estimating the infrastructure costs of running business processes in the Cloud. The method is based on the precise measurement of the resources required to run a mix of business process in the Cloud, while accomplishing expected performance requirements. To showcase the method we use the BenchFlow framework to run experiments on a widely used open-source WfMS executing custom workload with a varying number of simulated users. The experiments are necessary to reliably measure WfMS{\textquoteright}s performance and resource consumption, which is then used to estimate the infrastructure costs of executing such workload on four different Cloud providers.},
	keywords = {BenchFlow, cloud computing, cloud workflows},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45468-9_5},
	author = {Vincenzo Ferme and Ana Ivanchikj and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@article {naturalmash:2014,
	title = {End-User Development of Mashups with NaturalMash},
	journal = {Journal of Visual Languages \& Computing},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2014},
	month = {August},
	pages = {414{\textendash}432},
	abstract = {Context: The emergence of the long-tail in the market of software applications is shifting the role of end-users from mere consumers to becoming developers of applications addressing their unique, personal, and transient needs. On the Web, a popular form of such applications is called mashup, built out of the lightweight composition of Web APIs (reusable software components delivered as a service through the Web). To enable end-users to build mashups, there is a key problem that must be overcome: End-users lack programming knowledge as well as the interest to learn how to master the complex set of Web technologies required to develop mashups. End-User Development (EUD) is an emerging research field dealing with this type of problems. Its main goal is to design tools and techniques facilitating the development of software applications by non-programmers.

Objective: The paper describes the design and evaluation of NaturalMash, an innovative EUD tool for mashups (a mashup tool). NaturalMash aims at enabling non-professional users without any knowledge of programming languages and skills to create feature-rich, interactive, and useful mashups.

Methods: The design of NaturalMash adopts a formative evaluation approach, and has completed three design and evaluation iterations. The formative evaluations utilize usability testing, think aloud protocol, questionnaires, observation, and unstructured interviews. Additionally, we compare the expressive power of naturalmash with the state-of-the-art mashup tools.

Results: The results from the formative evaluations helped us identify important usability problems. From an assessment point of view, the results were promising and sggested that the proposed tool has a short and gentle learning curve in a way that even non-programmers are able to rapidly build useful mashups. Also, the comparative evaluation results showed that NaturalMash offers a competitive level of expressive power compared with existing mashup tools targeting non-programmers.

Conclusion: As the evaluation results indicate, NaturalMash provides a high level of expressive power while it is still highly usable by non-programmers. These suggest that we have successfully achieved the objective of the proposed tool, distinguishing it from existing mashup tools that are either too limited or highly specialized for non-professional users.},
	keywords = {mashup tools, mashups, natural language programming, NaturalMash, programming by demonstration, wysiwyg},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2013.12.004},
	author = {Saeed Aghaee and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@inproceedings {naturalmash:cweb:2012,
	title = {EnglishMash: Usability Design for a Natural Mashup Composition Environment},
	volume = {7703},
	year = {2012},
	month = {July},
	pages = {109-120},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	abstract = {The design of mashup tools combines elements from end-user development and software composition in the context of the Web. The challenge for mashup tool designers is to provide end-users with suitable abstractions, programming models and tool support for easily composing mashups out of existing Web services and Web data sources. In this paper we describe the design of a natural mashup composition environment based on the EnglishMash controlled natural language. The environment proactively supports users as they are learning the syntax of the EnglishMash language with features such as auto-completion, immediate feedback, live preview of the mashup execution and component discovery and selection based on natural language descriptions.},
	keywords = {NaturalMash, Web mashups},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-35623-0_12},
	author = {Saeed Aghaee and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@article {DBLP:conf/icwe/AghaeeP11a,
	title = {End-User Programming for Web Mashups - Open Research Challenges},
	volume = {7059},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	pages = {347-351},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Paphos, Cyprus},
	abstract = {Mashup is defined as the practice of lightweight composition, serendipitous reuse, and user-centric development on the Web. In spite of the fact that the development of mashups is rather simple due to the reuse of all the required layers of a Web application (functionality, data, and user interface), it still requires programming experience. This is a significant hurdle for non-programmers (end-users with minimal or no programming experience), who constitute the majority of Web users. To cope with this, an End-User Programming (EUP) tool can be designed to reduce the barriers of mashup development, in a way that even non-programmers will be able to create innovative, feature-rich mashups. In this paper, we give an overview of the existing EUP approaches for mashup development, as well as a list of open research challenges.},
	keywords = {end-user software engineering, Web mashups},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-27997-3_38},
	author = {Saeed Aghaee and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@inproceedings {icwe:2011:naturalmash,
	title = {An Evaluation of Mashup Tools Based on Support for Heterogeneous Mashup Components},
	volume = {7059},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1-12},
	publisher = {Springer},
	address = {Paphos, Cyprus},
	abstract = {Mashups are built by combining building blocks, which are commonly referred to as mashup components. These components are characterized by a high level of heterogeneity in terms of technologies, access methods, and the behavior they may exhibit within a mashup. Abstracting away this heterogeneity is the mission of the so-called mashup tools aiming at automating or semi-automating mashup development to serve non-programmers. The challenge is to ensure this abstraction mechanism does not limit the support for heterogeneous mashup components. In this paper, we propose a novel evaluation framework that can be applied to assess the degree to which a given mashup tool addresses this challenge. The evaluation framework can serve as a benchmark for future improved design of mashup tools with respect to heterogeneous mashup components support. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the framework, we also apply it to evaluate some existing tools.},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-27997-3_1},
	author = {Saeed Aghaee and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@conference {jopera:2010:icwe,
	title = {Engineering autonomic controllers for virtualized web applications},
	booktitle = {10th international conference on Web engineering (ICWE 2010)},
	series = {ICWE{\textquoteright}10},
	volume = {6189},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Best Paper Award},
	month = {July},
	pages = {66{\textendash}80},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
	keywords = {autonomic computing, cloud computing, control system synthesis, JOpera},
	isbn = {3-642-13910-8, 978-3-642-13910-9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-13911-6_5},
	author = {Giovanni Toffetti-Carughi and Alessio Gambi and Mauro Pezz{\`e} and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@conference {jopera:2010:soca,
	title = {Exploiting multicores to optimize business process execution},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	month = {December},
	pages = {1-8},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Perth, Australia},
	abstract = {While modern CPUs offer an increasing number of cores with shared caches, prevailing execution engines for business processes, workflows, or Web service compositions have not been optimized for properly exploiting the abundant processing resources of such CPUs. One factor limiting performance is the inefficient thread scheduling by the operating system, which can result in suboptimal use of shared caches. In this paper we study performance of the JOpera business process execution engine on a recent multicore machine. By analyzing the engine{\textquoteright}s architecture and by binding threads that are likely to access shared data to cores with a common cache, we achieve speedups up to 13\% for a variety of workloads, without modifying the engine{\textquoteright}s architecture and implementation, apart from binding threads to CPUs. As the engine is implemented in Java, we provide a new Java library to manage thread bindings and hardware performance counters. We also leverage hardware performance counters to explain the observed speedup in our performance analysis.},
	keywords = {business data processing, business process execution engines, business process execution optimization, hardware performance counters, Java, JOpera, multicores, performance optimization, thread-CPU bindings, Web service composition, Web services, workflow},
	doi = {10.1109/SOCA.2010.5707156},
	author = {Achille Peternier and Daniele Bonetta and Cesare Pautasso and Walter Binder}
}
@inproceedings {clavos:2009:pesos,
	title = {Embedding continuous lifelong verification in service life cycles},
	year = {2009},
	month = {May},
	pages = {99-102},
	address = {Vancouver, Canada},
	abstract = {Service-oriented systems are an instantiation of open world software, which is characterized by high dynamism and decentralization. These properties strongly impact on how service-oriented systems are engineered, built, and operated, as well as verified. To address the challenges of applying verification to open service-oriented systems, in this position paper we propose to apply verification across the entire life cycle of a service and introduce a verification-oriented service life cycle.},
	keywords = {continuous lifelong verification, formal verification, monitoring, service contracts, service life cycles, service-oriented systems, software architecture, software engineering},
	doi = {10.1109/PESOS.2009.5068828},
	author = {Domenico Bianculli and Carlo Ghezzi and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@book {wewst:2008,
	title = {Emerging Web Services Technology},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {185},
	publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user},
	organization = {Birkh{\"a}user},
	abstract = {This book contains a collection of selected and revised papers originally presented at the Workshop on Emerging Web Service Technology (WEWST{\textquoteright}07) held in conjunction with the 5th European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS{\textquoteright}07) in November 2007 in Halle (Saale), Germany. Acting as the natural extension to the main ECOWS conference, the main goal of the WEWST workshop is serving as a forum for providing early exposure and much needed feedback to grow and establish original and emerging ideas within the Web Services community. The wide variety of tools, techniques and technological solutions presented in WEWST share one common feature: they advance the current Web services research in new directions by introducing new and sometimes controversial ideas into the field.},
	keywords = {Web services},
	isbn = {978-3-7643-8864-5},
	url = {http://www.springer.com/birkhauser/computer+science/book/978-3-7643-8863-8},
	editor = {Thomas Gschwind and Cesare Pautasso}
}
@book {wewst:2007,
	title = {Emerging Web Services Technology},
	volume = {1},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {182},
	publisher = {Birkh{\"a}user},
	organization = {Birkh{\"a}user},
	keywords = {Web services},
	isbn = {978-3-7643-8448-7},
	url = {http://www.springer.com/birkhauser/computer+science/book/978-3-7643-8447-0},
	editor = {Cesare Pautasso and Christoph Bussler}
}
@article {115,
	title = {Enforcing Web Services Business Protocols at Run-Time: a Process Driven Approach},
	journal = {International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology (IJWET)},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2006},
	pages = {396-411},
	abstract = {Business processes provide abstractions for modelling business protocols that define the correct interactions between two or more Web services (WS). It has been shown that it is possible to automatically derive role-specific processes from a global protocol definition and also statically verify the compliance of a local process with the corresponding global business process. In this paper, we show that a similar approach can be used at run-time. We propose to employ process-based tools to enforce that the messages exchanged between different WS comply with a given business protocol, both in terms of sequencing constraints and data flow characteristics. Our solution simplifies the implementation of WS because it helps to separate the concern of business protocol compliance from the actual service implementation. To do so, we show how to transparently add a protocol enforcement layer to the WS messaging stack. Our experimental results indicate that this imposes a minimal overhead.},
	keywords = {business process modeling, business protocols, choreography, conversation controller, data flow, JOpera, Web services},
	issn = {1476-1289},
	doi = {10.1504/IJWET.2006.010422},
	url = {http://www.inderscience.com/info/inarticle.php?artid=10422},
	author = {Bi{\"o}rn Bi{\"o}rnstad and Cesare Pautasso and Gustavo Alonso}
}
